One Kenyan scholars will investigate pedagogical challenges and benefits of cell-phone-based enhancements to the traditional training methodologies for both cow management training activities and human nutrition training activities. Two Kenyan scholars in human nutrition and veterinary medicine will conduct research on drought-tolerant crops for human food and cattle feed appropriate for the climatic extremes expected. Two Kenyan scholars will evaluate advanced methods of improving cattle reproduction and cow welfare in the Naari context. One Kenyan scholar will conduct a formal evaluation of the impacts of the integrated scholar/ intern projects.